Chamber oven for the production of gas and coke



Dec. 5, 1933. c. STILL 1,937,853

CHAMBER OVEN FOR THE PRODUCTION OF GAS AND COKE Filed Aug. 4, 1951 4 Sheets-Sheet l Dec. 5, 1933. c. STILL CHAMBER OVEN FOR THE PRODUCTION OF GAS AND COKE Filed Aug. 4, 1931 4 Sheets-Sheet 2 5, 1933. c. STILL CHAMBER OVEN FOR THE PRODUCTION OF GAS AND COKE Filed Aug. 4, 1931 4 Sheets-Sheet 3 lllalllll l.|l IT Dec. 5, 1933.

c. STILL 1,937,853

CHAMBER OVEN FOR THE PRODUCTION OF GAS AND COKE Filed Aug. 4, 1931 4 Sheets-Sheet 4 3d 4 Jnren for Car/ 6777/ Patented Dec. 5, 1933 UNITED STTES wit s53 CHAMBER OVEN FOR THE PRODUCTION OF GAS AND COKE Carl Still, Recklinghausen, Germany Application August 4, 1931, Serial No. 555,093, and in Austria August 11, 1930 12 Claims. (01. sea-257) The invention relates to apparatus in which the products of distillation of coal and chamber ovens are drawn from the interior of the charge. Features of the invention consist in suction tubes introduced through the oven rocf the tubes being connected, on the one hand, with ducts produced in the charge of coal, and, on the other hand with collecting boxes which are provided on or in the oven roof and suited for leading '10. therethrough the gases and the liquid condensates; also in collecting pipes connected to the said boxes and fitted with means by which at the end of each oven the liquid condensates are drawn off downwards and, the gases upwards into agas or tar main. Certain other features willbe given by the following specification and the annexed drawings and claims. 1

The apparatus according to the invention is shown in the accompanying drawings in Figs.

Fig. 1 is a vertical longitudinal section'oi a horizontal, oven chamber on the line II of Fig. 3; Fig. 2 is a vertical side elevation seen in the direction towards the front side, partly in vertical section on the line II-II of Fig. 1; Fig. 3 is a plan of a portion of an oven battery seen from above corresponding to Fig. 1; Fig. 4 is a vertical section on the line IV-IV of Fig. 2, showing a portion of the pipes conveying theliquid and associated apparatus; Fig. 5 is a vertical section on the line VV of Fig. 2 showing devices for shutting off the distillation gases; Fig. 6 is a partial section on a larger scale of the portion of Fig. 2 shown in vertical section; Fig. 7 is a vertical. section through a part of the oven roof. on the lines VII-VII of Fig. 3 showing certain modifications; Figure 8 is a section taken on the line VIII--VIII of Figure 3 showing more particularly the conduit couplings employed; Figure 9. is a ",0 sectional view of one of the cross ties 37 taken The reference numeral 1 indicates removable suction tubes which are inserted from the oven roof in ducts 2 provided in the charge of coal after these" ducts 2 have been formed in the interior of the charge of coal by inserting rods, tubesor other similar forming members; Fig. 3 are collecting boxes into which the suctionjtubes enter and to which are connected a lateraltube 4 for introducing a liquid and tube 5 for leading away all the distillation products, that is the gases, vapors and condensates and besidesliquids otherwise supplied, to the common collecting pipe 6. The pipe 6 is arranged, avoiding any sharp bends, parallel to the length of the oven chambers and between the charging openings '7; one end is turned slightly upwards from the oven roof and closed with a gas-tight cap 8, and the other end is connected by a coupling with a downflow pipe 9. All the pipes 9 connected to thepipe ,6, terminate belowin a common discharge tube 10 at the foot of the battery (Fig. 2), which is connected with a slight downward inclination to a transverse pipe 11. The pipe 11 is (Fig. 4) connected with a container 15 placed below by a liquid seal consisting of a circularly bent tube 12 and a pipe 13 which can be closed by a valve 14. On closing the valve 14 the collecting pipe-6 and downflow pipes 9, which are exposed tocthe suction necessary for drawing off the distillation products through the suction tube 1, are shut off by a, siphon from the container 15, which is open to the atmosphere, the siphon being formed by the lower parts of the downflow tube 9 and by the pipes 10, 11 and, 12. The container 15 serves also for collecting, separatingand settling the W condensate which, preferably; is again pumped in a cyclic path through the collecting boxes 3 and pipes 6, 9 etc. as explained further later.

The'volatile products of distillation, that is, the so distillation gases and vapors from the collecting pipe 6, pass over a sealing device 19 through the ascension pipe 16 into thegas andtar main 1'? (see also Fig. 5) and from there in the usual manner to thecondensing apparatus (not shown) A valve 18 is inserted between the device 19 and the ascension pipe 16. The apparatus 19, forming a liquid seal, is closed if, for example, the gases are drawn off by suction, without using the suction tubes 1, directly from the gas collecting space 20 and through the ascension pipe 21 into the separate gas and tar main 22 in the usual manner. The valve 18 is providedtoregulate the suction required at any time in the suction tubes 1 in dependence on the phase ofthe distillation.

The object of the invention is to enable the process to be carried out with very much higher suction orsub-atmospheric pressures than have formerly been employed in chamber ovens. The intensity of the suction formerly employed in chamber ovens was limited, entirely by the construction of the joints of the walls, to relatively very low values, at most of about -1 to 2 mm. of the water gauge. On the otherhand, bylthe means provided by the present invention a suction or sub-atmospheric pressure is maintained in the 'pipes and passages 1, 2, 3, etc., which amountsat least to about 40 mm. of the water gauge below the'atmospheric pressure. This is performed by connecting a gas exhauster of suitable construction (not shown) to the main 17. For many practical purposes, however, far higher sub-atmospheric pressures have to be taken into consideration; for example, in the distillation and coking of Westphalian coals, suction pressures up to 250 mm. of the water gauge below atmospheric pressure and more have been found advisable and necessary.

A removable and flexible connection of the boxes 3 with the pipes 6 is formed by the arrangement in which the tubes 5, as shown in Fig. 8, are connected to the boxes 3 and pipes 6 by sleeves 47 with the insertion of flexible gas-tight packing 49, such as asbestos. In order to ensure sufficient flexibility for expansion by heat, the pipes 6 are, preferably, composed of separate tubular members connected together by sleeves 44 (Fig. 3). This subdivision of the pipes 6 can be carried further, by a sleeve 44 being provided for the pipe 6 between every two branch pipes 5. It will be noted that provision is made for expansion'and contraction between the elements of the conduit system by providing couplings having freedom of longitudinal movement. In Figure 8, 44, 47 and 48 are sleeves or bell ends of the pipes 6, 5 and 4 respectively. The couplings are packed with asbestos gaskets 46, 49 and 50 which render the joints substantially fluid-tight while still permitting a limited telescopic movement, and at the same time permit the ready removal of any pipe from the system.

In order that the suction pipes 1 should be connected gas-tight with the collecting boxes 3 and the interior 'of the collecting boxes 3 closed gastight from the atmosphere, liquid seals, using any condensate in the boxes and also other additional liquids such as condensed water from the gas coolers, are preferably employed. This is effected by a bell 23 (Fig. 6) provided on the upper end of a suction tube 1 and a bell-formed member 25 on the cover 24 of the box 3 immersed suificiently deeply in the liquid in the box 3. As is clearly shown in Fig. 6, the bell 23 shuts off the interior of the box 3 from the gas collecting space 20 above the charge of coal, while, on the other hand, the cover 24 is closed gas-tight from the external air by the bell 25.

In order to adjust the sub-atmospheric pressure in the interior of each collecting box 3 corresponding to the distance of the individual collecting boxes 3 from the gas and tar main 1'], a sleeve or cap 27 provided with an opening 28 of sufiicient size to control said pressure is placed on the pipes 26 (Fig. 6). A plurality of these caps, each having a hole of different size therein, may be provided so that one cap may be replaced by another on the end of pipe 26 to conveniently adjust the pressure in the collecting box. As an alternative, any suitable valve, such as for instance an iris valve, may be used in place of caps 27. In order to be able to control the level of the liquid in the collecting boxes 3, sleeves 29 are adjustably arranged on the pipes 26 which act as overflow pipes.

The additional liquid introduced into the boxes 3 is supplied through a pipe 30 which is connected to the bottom part of the main 17 and arranged common to all oven chambers of the battery, by

- means of branch pipes 31, to the devices 19 at the front end of each chamber and from there through a siphon overflow tube 32 fitted thereon into a funnel 33 which is placed above and at one end of a pipe 34 for receiving and distributing the liquid. The pipe 34 is releasably and flexibly connected with the boxes 3 by means of the abovementioned tubes 4 in a manner similar to that described with respect to the tubes 5. The liquid supply pipe 34 forms, with the vertical funnel 33 and the liquid level in the collecting box 3 determined by the overflow 26, 27, a seal against the entrance of atmospheric air into the pipe 34 and the boxes 3. At the end of the supply pipe 30 there is a closing valve 35. When the liquid supplied, for example the condensation products of the distillation or condensed water from the gas coolers, is pumped directly into the pipe 30, the valve 35 allows the excess quantity of liquid to enter the gas and tar main 1'], for example for cleansing. If, on the other hand, liquid for cleansing is pumped first in the gas and tar main 17, the valve 35 allows a controlled quantity of liquid to enter from the gas and tar main 1? into the distributing pipe 30. Fresh water or any liquid used in the operation can form the liquid supply; for example, hot condensate from the gas coolers can be used. This can, with suitable arrangement, also be pumped directly through the pipes 34 and the pi es 4 to the boxes 3, in which case the funnel 33 is not required. 1

In order to be able to regulate easily the pipes 4, 5, 6 and 34 disposed in the oven roof and, if required, to cleanse or remove them, they are, preferably, 'isposed according to the modification shown in Fig. 7; more particularly conduits 36 are provided in the oven roof which extend parallel to the length of the chambers over the whole breadth of the oven battery. These passages 36 are stiffened above bytwoT-shapedirons37,below by angle irons 38. Covering plates 40 are laid on the T-shaped irons 37. The bottom of the passage is preferably covered with a heat-insulating layer 39, and if desired the walls also. The T- shaped irons 37 can at the same time serve as tie bars for holding together I-shaped iron buck stays 51 provided on the oven tops and therefore replace the round iron ties 43 shown in Fig. 3. A firm joint is secured between the cross ties 37 and the buck stays 51 by turning down the ends of the upper flange of the cross ties 37 as at 3'7 a in Figure 9, and securing the flange so formed to the buck stays 51 by means of bolts 52. It is to be understood that any other suitable means for joining these two members may be employed, such as, for instance, by spot welding or riveting. The cross ties 37 also serve at the same time as sleepers for track rails 41 for the charging wagons disposed on the oven roof. Preferably, at the parts supporting the rails the T-shaped irons 37 and the angle irons 38 below them are connected by iron trusses 42 in order that the vertical loads, acting downwards, may be better distributed.

The passage 36 can also be formed as a single recess provided in the oven roof made by and lined with brickwork. The collecting pipe 6 disposed in the passage 36 has, preferably, a certain downward inclination to the pipe 9, and the base of the passage may have a corresponding inclination. The upper surface of the pipe 6 may also be horizontal, and its lower surface inclined so that the vertical cross section of the tube is gradually increased from the highest to the lowest point of the fall. A transverse cross-like coupling 45 inserted between the pipe 6 and the pipe seesaw are; we hi sfl f e e i ham er wok mg" tax preview for eac suction tube ,for so th mreceivingthe distilledgases anddifquid means djback to 15' through are; still 1mg. q a

mai ga-a tmt1 ri ing." o ft ei and the; pipe mit ed-W,

'Th'arrangments according to the invention can be employed, as described, in all kinds of chamber ovens, either horizontal, inclinedor vertical ovens, for the distillation of coal.

What I claim is:-- v

1. Apparatus for drawing oil the volatile products of distillation from the interior of a charge of coal in chamber ovens, comprising a combination: suction tubes extending through the roof of said chamber ovens and with their lower ends extending into vertical ducts formed in the vertical central plane of the charge of coal; a collecting pipe consisting of a plurality of flexibly connected sections carried by the oven roof parallel to the length of the oven chamber; a collectingbox provided for each suction tube for receiving the distilled gases and liquids; means for connecting the said collecting boxes with the said collecting pipe; means for removably connecting each suction tube with its collecting box; a pipe branched upwards from the collecting pipe for leading away the volatile products of distillation, and a pipe branched downwards for leading away all the liquids.

2. Apparatus for leading away the volatile products of distillation from the interior of a charge of coal in chamber ovens, comprising in combination: suction tubes introduced through the roof of said chamber ovens, into vertical ducts formed in the vertical central plane of the charge of coal; collecting pipes carried by the oven roof parallel to the lengthof the oven chamber; each collecting pipe consisting of a plurality of flexibly connecting sections; a collecting box provided for each suction tube for receiving the distilled gases and liquids; means for connecting the said collecting boxes with the said collecting pipe; means for removably connecting each suction tube with a collecting box; means for supplying each collecting box and the collecting pipe connected to it with additional liquid; a pipe branched upwards from the collecting pipe for leading away the volatile products or" distillation, and a pipe branched downwards for leadin away all the liquids.

3. Apparatus forleading away the volatile products of distillation from the interior of a charge of coal in chamber ovens, comprising in combination: in each oven chamber of a battery a series of Vertical suction tubes extending through the roof of said chamber ovens, and with their lower ends extending into ducts formed in Ef ansm is siia came aman said. coll cting p ipe;. v means ,fqr removably congeais battery wi'thjai tolwhi ch the said-receiving d sear: inserted between 1d rec iyir g ,sipe;., adiii 'lv'va gthegyoiau e ion, f'rloni' the. interior, fofl; a

extending. into vertical ducts formed in the vertiibo cal central plane of the charge of coal; a collecting pipe carried by the oven roof parallel to the length of the oven chamber; a collecting box provided for each suction tube for receiving the distilled gases and liquids; means for con- 105 necting the said collecting boxes with the said collecting pipe; means for removably connecting each suction tube with a collecting box; a pipe branched downwards from each collecting. pipe for leading away all the liquids; an ascen- "in sion pipe branched upwards from the collecting pipe, a regulating and closing valve insertedin said ascension pipe; a gas and tar main common to the whole oven battery in which the said as-,v cension pipes of all the individual ovens enter; 11 and means for maintaining a suction in the said gas and tar main, in the ascension pipes and in the above-mentioned collecting pipes and suction tubes. W 5. In an apparatus according to claim 4, infgo which an overflow is provided in the collecting box for regulating the level of the liquid in the said box, a seal formed by the said liquid for the suction tube and the cover of the box. n

6. In an arrangementaccording to claim 4, a f2 discharge outlet in connection with the collecting pipe at each collecting box for drawing off gases and liquids, and means for regulating the internal cross section of the said discharge outlet.

7. In an apparatus according to claim 4, ar-"f rangements and means for introducing a sprinkling and cleansing liquid from the said gas and tar main into and through the said ascension pipes, collecting pipes and the connected downiiow tubes. i 1

8. Apparatus for leading away the volatile products of distillation from the interior of a charge of coal in chamber ovens, comprising in combination: suction tubes extending through I, the roof of the chamber ovens, with their lower 'i'm ends extending into vertical ducts formed in the vertical central plane of the charge of coal; at collecting'pipe carried by the oven roof parallel to the length of the oven chambers, each collecting pipe being subdivided into a plurality of inf dividual members connected with one another and telescopic in their longitudinal direction; a collecting box provided for each suction tube for collecting the distilled gases and liquids; means for connecting the said collecting boxes with the said collecting pipe; means for removably connecting each suction pipe with a collecting box; a pipe branched upwards from the collecting pipe for leading away the volatile products of distillacharge of coal in chamber ovens, comprising in combination: suction tubes extending through the roof of the chamber ovens, with their lower ends extending into vertical ducts formed in the vertical central plane of the charge of coal; a collecting pipe consisting of a plurality of flexibly connected sections carried by the oven roof parallel to the length of the oven chamber; a collecting box for each suction tube for conducting gases and liquids; intermediate tubes for connecting the collecting boxes with the said collecting pipe, the said tubes being connected to the collecting boxes and to the collecting pipe by means of packing allowing a certain flexibility; means for removably connecting each suction pipe with a collecting box; a pipe branched upwards from each collecting pipe for leading away the volatile products of distillation, and a pipe branched downwards for leading away the liquids.

10. In an arrangement according to claim 4,

an accessible conduit extending in the roof of each oven chamber parallel to the longitudinal axis of the chamber, in which the said collecting pipe is positioned, and freely accessible.

11. In an apparatus according to claim 4, an accessible conduit extending'in the roof of each oven chamber parallel to the longitudinal axis of the chamber, in which the said collecting pipe is positioned, metal members lining the upper portion of the Walls of the said passage and serving also as anchoring tie bars.

' 12. In an arrangement according to claim 4, an accessible conduit extending in the roof of each oven chamber parallel to the longitudinal axis of thechamber, in which the said collecting pipe is positioned, track rails laid on the oven roof, and metal members lining the upper portion of the walls of the said passage and serving also as means for supporting the said track rails.

CARL STILL.

CERTIFICATE or CORRECTION.

Patent No. 1,937,853. December 5, 1933.

CARL STILL.

it is hereby certified that error appears in the printed specification of the above numbered patent requiring correction as follows: Page 1, line 15, for "or" read. and; line 47, strike out "Fig"; and line 50, after "and" insert the article a; page 3, line 31, claim 1, for "a" read in; and line 57, claim 2, for "connecting" read connected; and that the said Letters Patent should be read with these corrections therein that the same may conform to the record of the case in the Patent Office.

Signed and sealed this 15th day of May, A. I) 1934.

Bryan M. Battey (Seal) Acting Commissioner of Patents. 

